Incident Management

11.1 The Accident Pyramid (Bird’s Triangle)

For every major accident, hundreds of previous incidents occurred but went unreported. Addressing the base of the pyramid prevents the peak.

• Incident: An unexpected event that results in no damage or injury (e.g., a tool falls from a scaffold but hits no one).
• Near Miss: An event that had the clear potential to cause serious harm, but by chance, did not (e.g., a worker slips at the edge of an open pit but manages to catch themselves).
• Accident: An unplanned event that results in physical injury, ill health, or significant material damage.

The Investigation Procedure

Following an accident, the objective is not to assign blame, but to identify the root cause:

• Secure the area: Prevent the accident from recurring or affecting emergency responders.
• Notification: Immediately inform the supervisor and, if necessary, the relevant labour authorities (HSE).
• Investigation: Systematic analysis of technical, organisational, and human factors.
• Corrective Actions: Implementing changes to eliminate the possibility of a recurrence.

11.2 Emergency and Self-Protection Plans

Every company must have an Emergency Plan that defines who does what, how, and when during a crisis.

The Emergency Response Team (BHV/ERT)

The company’s Emergency Response Officers (BHV) are specifically trained to:

• Provide Basic First Aid: Stabilise casualties until professional medical services arrive.
• Initial Firefighting: Combat incipient fires (small-scale fires) using the correct equipment.
• Evacuation Management: Guide personnel to assembly points in an orderly and calm manner.

Every worker must know the location of emergency exits, fire extinguishers, first aid kits, and the assembly point before starting work on a new site.